1 Kings 19:20

Authorized King James Version

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And he left the oxen, and ran after Elijah, and said, Let me, I pray thee, kiss my father and my mother, and then I will follow thee. And he said unto him, Go back again: for what have I done to thee?

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּֽעֲזֹ֣ב And he left H5800
וַיַּֽעֲזֹ֣ב And he left
Strong's: H5800
Word #: 1 of 21
to loosen, i.e., relinquish, permit, etc
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 21
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַבָּקָ֗ר the oxen H1241
הַבָּקָ֗ר the oxen
Strong's: H1241
Word #: 3 of 21
a beeve or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd
וַיָּ֙רָץ֙ and ran H7323
וַיָּ֙רָץ֙ and ran
Strong's: H7323
Word #: 4 of 21
to run (for whatever reason, especially to rush)
אַֽחֲרֶ֑יךָ after H310
אַֽחֲרֶ֑יךָ after
Strong's: H310
Word #: 5 of 21
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
אֵֽלִיָּ֔הוּ Elijah H452
אֵֽלִיָּ֔הוּ Elijah
Strong's: H452
Word #: 6 of 21
elijah, the name of the famous prophet and of two other israelites
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר and said H559
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר and said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 7 of 21
to say (used with great latitude)
אֶשְּׁקָה Let me I pray thee kiss H5401
אֶשְּׁקָה Let me I pray thee kiss
Strong's: H5401
Word #: 8 of 21
to kiss, literally or figuratively (touch); also (as a mode of attachment), to equip with weapons
נָּא֙ H4994
נָּא֙
Strong's: H4994
Word #: 9 of 21
'i pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the imperative or future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
לְאָבִ֣י my father H1
לְאָבִ֣י my father
Strong's: H1
Word #: 10 of 21
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
וּלְאִמִּ֔י and my mother H517
וּלְאִמִּ֔י and my mother
Strong's: H517
Word #: 11 of 21
a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively [like father])
וְאֵֽלְכָ֖ה H1980
וְאֵֽלְכָ֖ה
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 12 of 21
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
אַֽחֲרֶ֑יךָ after H310
אַֽחֲרֶ֑יךָ after
Strong's: H310
Word #: 13 of 21
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר and said H559
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר and said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 14 of 21
to say (used with great latitude)
לוֹ֙ H0
לוֹ֙
Strong's: H0
Word #: 15 of 21
לֵ֣ךְ and then I will follow H3212
לֵ֣ךְ and then I will follow
Strong's: H3212
Word #: 16 of 21
to walk (literally or figuratively); causatively, to carry (in various senses)
שׁ֔וּב again H7725
שׁ֔וּב again
Strong's: H7725
Word #: 17 of 21
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
כִּ֥י H3588
כִּ֥י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 18 of 21
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
מֶֽה H4100
מֶֽה
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 19 of 21
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
עָשִׂ֖יתִי for what have I done H6213
עָשִׂ֖יתִי for what have I done
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 20 of 21
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
לָֽךְ׃ H0
לָֽךְ׃
Strong's: H0
Word #: 21 of 21

Analysis & Commentary

And he left the oxen, and ran after Elijah, and said, Let me, I pray thee, kiss my father and my mother, and then I will follow thee. And he said unto him, Go back again: for what have I done to thee?

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of elijah flees to horeb, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism. The prophetic office represents God's faithful witness even in apostasy, calling His people back to covenant faithfulness.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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